ISLANDE 2021 Vocabulaire géographique |
Les noms de lieux islandais paraissent imprononçables.. et ils le sont ! Mais, ces noms sont, généralement, composés d'une juxtaposition de mots plus courts dans lesquels on retrouve des constantes désignant des formes géographiques ; après quelques temps, on arrive à anticiper, plus ou moins, ce qu'annoncent les panneaux...
exemples : Austurafrettur = austur (est) + afrettur (alpage) / Raudisandur = raud (rouge) + sandur (plage de sable glaciaire)
On trouve, ci-dessous, un tableau avec les correspondances de ces mots racines, en anglais et en français.
Tableau
islandais |
anglais |
français |
exemples |
á | suffix for stream or river | suffixe pour cours d'eau | Jökulsá |
afrétt(ur) | highland pasture | alpage, pâturage d'altitude | Austurafrettur |
akur | field | champ ? | |
alda | rounded "smooth" ridge, waves | arête arrondie | Breinnisteinsalda |
askja | caldera | caldeira | |
aur | mud | boue | |
austur | east | est | |
bær | farm, town, farmhouse, borough | ville | Garðabær, Mosfellsbær |
bakki | bank of a brook, stream, river or the sea | rive | Eyrarbakki |
berg (steinn) | rock | rocher | |
bjarg | cliff, rock, crag | falaise, rocher escarpé | Latrabjarg |
borg | rocky hill, city, fortification, castle | colline rocheuse, château | |
botn | bottom, head of a valley or fjord | extrémité d'une vallée, d'un fjord | |
braut | road | route | Miklabraut |
brekka | slope | pente | |
brennisteinn | sulphur | soufre | Brennisteinnalda |
brú | bridge | pont | |
byggð | settlement, inhabited district | colonie, peuplement | |
dalur | valley | vallée | |
djúp | deep, part of the sea, long inlet | grand fjord | |
drag | shallow or indistinct water course | cours d'eau peu profond | |
drangi/drangur | isolated column or pillars of rock | aiguille rocheuse, gendarme | |
eldborg | lava ring, lava cone | cône volcanique | |
engi | meadow, grassland | prairie | |
ey | suffix meaning island | suffixe pour île | Heimaey, Grímsey, Drangey |
eyri | sandspit, gravel bank, delta, sand | banc de sable ou de gravier | |
eystri | farther east | plus à l'est | Borgarfjordur Eystri |
fell | hill, mountain (generally isolated) | montagne, sommet (isolé) | |
fjall | mountain | montagne | |
fjara (= strönd) | coast, shore, beache, strand | plage | |
fjörður | fjord | fjord | |
fljót | large river | rivière (grande) | Lagarfljót |
flói | large bay, marsh, fens | golfe | |
foss | waterfall | chute d'eau | Gulfoss, Svartifoss, Dettifoss |
gangur | dike | digue | |
garður | garden, yard, dike or low wall of earth or stone | digue, talus | |
gata | street | rue | |
gil | ravine, gorge, gully | ravine, gorge, couloir | |
græn, grænn, grænt | green | vert | |
grunn | shoal, shallows | banc, bas-fond | |
hagi | pasture | pâturage | |
heiði | heath | bruyère | |
hellir | cave, cavern | grotte | |
hlíð | slope, mountainside | pente, versant | |
hnjúkur (núpur/gnúpur) | peak | pic | Hvannadalshnjukur |
höfði | promontory, cape, point, headland | promontoire, cap, point haut | Hjorleifshofdi |
höfn | port, harbor | port | Höfn, Raufarhöfn |
hóll | rounded hill, hillock, knoll | butte, monticule | |
hólmur | islet | îlot | Stykkishólmur |
holt | hollow (small valley) | vallon | Reykholt |
hraun | lava flow, rock avalanche | champ de lave | |
hreppur | rural community, districts | district (communes) | |
hryggur | ridge | arête | Langihryggur |
hús | house, building | maison | Husholmi |
hver | hot spring (boiling or almost boiling water) | source chaude | |
jökulá, jökulsá | glacier river | rivière glaciaire | |
jökulhlaup | glacier outburst flood | débacle glaciaire | |
jökull | glacier | glacier | Vatnajökull |
kirkja | church | église | |
klettur | cliff/crag/rock | falaise, rocher escarpé | Heimaklettur |
krókur | crook, sharp bend, nook, corner | virage, coin ,angle | Saudarkrokur |
lækur | brook | ruisseau | Brjanslaekur |
laug | pool, warm spring | bassin, mare | |
lón | lagoon, inlet | lagune | |
mýri | bog, mire | tourbière | |
nes (= skagi) | peninsula, headland, point, cape | péninsule, cap | Snaefellsness, Reykjanes |
norður | north | nord | |
oddi | promontory, point, tongue of land | promontoire | |
ós | mouth of a river, estuary | embouchure, estuaire | |
rauður | red | rouge | Raudinupur, Raudisandur |
reyk | smoke | fumée (nuage ? ) | Reykjavík |
rif | reef, bank | rive rocheuse, récif | |
sandur | sand, area of sand, glacial outwash plain | plaine glaciaire | Heradsandur |
skagi (= nes) | peninsula, headland, cape | péninsule | |
skarð | mountain pass | col | Vatnsskard |
sker | skerry | îlot rocheux | Kopasker |
skógur | wood, forest | bois, forêt | |
slétta | plain, field, an area of level ground | lieu plat (plaine, plateau) | Melrakasletta |
snær | snow | neige | |
staðir | place | endroit ? | Egilsstaðir |
stapi | rocky hill, bluff, table mountain | colline, montagne plate | Arnarstapi |
strönd (= fjara) | coast, shore, beache, strand | plage | Kalfastrond |
suður | south | sud | |
tangi | narrow peninsula, promontory, point of land | péninsule étroite | |
tindur, tindar | pinnacle, summit | sommet | Kristinartindar |
tjörn | small lake, pond, pool, tarn | étang, gouille | |
tún | fertilized farm field | champ cultivé | Fossatún |
tunga | tongue of land usually between several rivers | étroite bande de terre | Ytri Tunga |
vatn | water, lake | lac | Thingvallavatn |
vegur | road, path, way, route | route | Hringvegur (the Ring Road) |
vellir | fields | champ | Thingvellir |
vestur | western | ouest | |
Vík (= vogur) | cove, bay, inlet, creek | crique, baie, bras de mer | Vík í Mýrdal |
viti | lighthouse | phare | Reykjanesviti |
vogur (= vik) | cove, bay, inlet, creek | crique, baie, bras de mer | Kópavogur |
völlur | field, plain | champ, plaine | |
ytri | outer | extérieur | Ytri Tunga |
Sources
- Icelandic-English glossary of selected geoscience terms - R.Williams - 1995 - US Geographical Survey
- Icelandic Toponymy: 25 Useful Words and Geographic Terms for Visitors to Iceland - P.Stanton - 2018 - site perso